Implication of Mutual Assistance Evacuation Model to Reduce the Volcanic Risk for Vulnerable Society: Insight from Mount Merapi, Indonesia

The successful evacuation of vulnerable people during emergencies is a significant challenge. In the case Mount Merapi eruption, limited private vehicles in community and lack transport government volunteers led some to walk meeting area. Consequently, low walking speeds by persons may increase risk delay. Therefore, mutual assistance strategy proposed support evacuating them with young people. This grouping was simulated using an AnyLogic software agent-based model concept. Pedestrians played roles agents this experiment. Evacuation departure rate, actual speed, group size, route, coordination were crucial agent parameters. Human behavior distribution investigated stakeholders local interviews. We measured speed directly find independent speed. Afterward, we developed three scenarios models for process. A traffic approach used simulation. results revealed that effective rapid reduction communities where rates have improved. highest arrival rating obtained Model 3, which assembled well-coordinated from home. These findings are novelty volcano context reflect all categories involving elderly, disabled, children, pregnant mothers. will benefit disaster management studies authorities’ policies sustainable planning aging population mitigation.